怎樣提高不鏽鋼加工料的耐磨性能

摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">怎樣提高不鏽鋼加工料的耐磨性能</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在不鏽鋼加工過程中的加熱或冷焊會發生比較嚴重的粘合劑磨損。粘合劑磨損主要發生在兩個相對運動的金屬表麵與足夠的作用力下。這是一個固相焊接工藝。在相對運動期間，作用力一定要足夠，以此來破壞不鏽鋼表麵保護性氧化物層。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <a name="不鏽鋼加工"></a><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">而在過高應力與較差的潤滑條件下，還有可能會發生更大表麵積的粘結，有可能生成比較大的碎片或表麵突起，其結果就是不鏽鋼加工料表麵出現磨損。嚴重的磨損甚至會影響到不鏽鋼部件的使用性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">高韌性或有著低加工硬化率的不鏽鋼加工料通常更容易發生磨損。奧氏體不鏽鋼在某些條件下的磨損會更加明顯。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">所以有效的潤滑通常是不鏽鋼緊固件防止磨損的好方法。依據使用條件，可使用幾種形式，從把油與潤滑脂應用於固體潤滑係統如熱固性或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">PTFE</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">塗層。在相關專業資料中顯示，相比於潤滑脂，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">PTFE</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">會提供更好的耐磨損係統，資料中還表明該係統有著額外的優點，即塗層可以在車間條件下而非現場條件下應用。相比於使用潤滑脂，這有助於保持不鏽鋼緊固件係統具有*佳耐腐蝕性，並且還能降低汙染物沾染的風險。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">磨損塗層是通過氮化或鍍鉻改變不鏽鋼的表麵特性，可以改善耐磨性和耐磨損性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">表麵氮化是奧氏體不鏽鋼對氮化處理效果不佳，滲氮範圍有限。馬氏體和沉澱硬化不鏽鋼可獲得更好的結果。當作用力施加到配合部件時，這有助於支撐硬化的表麵層。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">但在滲氮的範圍內也存在限製，因為由於形成氮化鉻，不鏽鋼材料表麵上的鉻消耗可以降低耐腐蝕性。此外，由於氮化溫度可導致碳晶界麵處的碳化物沉澱，因此可能會有晶間腐蝕的危險。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">硬鉻沉積物主要用於改善磨損</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">/</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">耐磨損性，並且通常直接施加到基材上。硬鉻電鍍塗層的厚度範圍為</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.003</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">至</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫米，裝飾塗料很少超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.003</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫米。電鍍鉻不適用於高溫或高壓應用，這往往會降低塗層的硬度，並可能導致開裂或剝落。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>