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常見不鏽鋼的性能和適用環(huán)境
日期：2025-12-17 10:47
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摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">常見不鏽鋼的性能和適用環(huán)境</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不鏽鋼行業(yè)作為傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)曆史也不算很短，但大家始終對不鏽鋼知識略顯不足，各種不鏽鋼接觸起來也零零總總的，今天趁此文章讓自己對不鏽鋼知識的認(rèn)識再次鞏固下，可以更加清晰。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">201</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不鏽鋼管具備耐酸、耐堿</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">密度高無針孔等特點，是生產(chǎn)各種表殼、表帶底蓋上等材料等。廣泛用於裝飾管，工業(yè)管，這些淺拉伸的製品當(dāng)中。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不鏽鋼在形變時呈現(xiàn)出明顯的加工硬化現(xiàn)象，被用於要求較高強度的各種場合。多用於列車、航空器、傳送帶、車輛、螺</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">栓、螺母、彈簧、篩網(wǎng)。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">是一種通用性的不鏽鋼，它廣泛地用於製作要求良好綜合性能（耐腐蝕和成型性）的設(shè)備和機件。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">是碳含量較低的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不鏽鋼的變種，用於需要焊接的場合。較低的碳含量使得在靠近焊縫的熱影響區(qū)中所析出的碳化物減至*少，而碳化物的析出可能導(dǎo)致不鏽鋼在某些環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生晶間腐蝕（焊接侵蝕）。應(yīng)用於抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的化學(xué)、煤炭、石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的野外露天機</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">器，建材耐熱零件及熱處理有困難的零件。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304CU</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">因添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Cu</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">其成型性，特彆是拔絲性和抗時效裂紋性好，故可進行複雜形狀的產(chǎn)品成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">形；其耐腐蝕性與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。多用於保溫瓶、廚房洗滌槽、鍋、壺、保溫飯盒、門把手、紡織加工機器。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不鏽鋼的鎳、鉻含量都比較高，為的是提高鋼在高溫下的抗氧化性能和蠕變強度。而</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">30S5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310S</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">乃是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不鏽鋼的變種，所不同者隻是碳含量較低，為的是使焊縫附近所析出的碳化物減至*少。多用於耐熱槽鋼、耐熱管件。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不鏽鋼含鎳量高，因而在海洋和化學(xué)工業(yè)環(huán)境中的抗點腐蝕能力大大地優(yōu)於</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不鏽鋼。其中，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不鏽鋼由變種包括低碳不鏽鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、含氮的高強度不鏽鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以及合硫量較高的易切削不鏽鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316F</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。應(yīng)用在海水裡用設(shè)備、化學(xué)、染料、造紙、草酸、肥料等生產(chǎn)設(shè)備；照像、食品工業(yè)、沿海地區(qū)設(shè)施。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">321</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">是以鈦穩(wěn)定化的不鏽鋼，在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鋼中添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">元素來防止晶界腐蝕；適宜作高溫下使用的焊接構(gòu)件。適合於在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">℃</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">-900</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">℃高溫度下使用。多應(yīng)用於航空器、排氣管、鍋爐汽包。</span></span>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">409L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">是因添加了</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">元素，故其高溫耐蝕性及高溫強度較好。適用於汽車排氣管、熱交換機、集裝箱等</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">在焊接後不熱處理的產(chǎn)品。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">420J1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">是在淬火後硬度高，耐蝕性好且有磁性。在餐具（刀）、渦輪機葉片中常使用。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">則作為鐵素體鋼的代表鋼種，熱膨脹率抵，成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">形性及耐氧化性優(yōu)。多用於耐熱器具、燃燒器、家電產(chǎn)品、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">類餐具、廚房洗滌槽、外部裝飾材料、螺栓、螺母、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">CD</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">桿、篩網(wǎng)。</span></span>
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常見不鏽鋼的性能和適用環(huán)境
不鏽鋼行業(yè)作為傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)曆史也不算很短，但大家始終對不鏽鋼知識略顯不足，各種不鏽鋼接觸起來也零零總總的，今天趁此文章讓自己對不鏽鋼知識的認(rèn)識再次鞏固下，可以更加清晰。
201不鏽鋼管具備耐酸、耐堿,密度高無針孔等特點，是生產(chǎn)各種表殼、表帶底蓋上等材料等。廣泛用於裝飾管，工業(yè)管，這些淺拉伸的製品當(dāng)中。
301 不鏽鋼在形變時呈現(xiàn)出明顯的加工硬化現(xiàn)象，被用於要求較高強度的各種場合。多用於列車、航空器、傳送帶、車輛、螺 栓、螺母、彈簧、篩網(wǎng)。
304 是一種通用性的不鏽鋼，它廣泛地用於製作要求良好綜合性能（耐腐蝕和成型性）的設(shè)備和機件。
304L 是碳含量較低的304不鏽鋼的變種，用於需要焊接的場合。較低的碳含量使得在靠近焊縫的熱影響區(qū)中所析出的碳化物減至*少，而碳化物的析出可能導(dǎo)致不鏽鋼在某些環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生晶間腐蝕（焊接侵蝕）。應(yīng)用於抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的化學(xué)、煤炭、石油產(chǎn)業(yè)的野外露天機 器，建材耐熱零件及熱處理有困難的零件。
304CU因添加Cu其成型性，特彆是拔絲性和抗時效裂紋性好，故可進行複雜形狀的產(chǎn)品成 形；其耐腐蝕性與304相同。多用於保溫瓶、廚房洗滌槽、鍋、壺、保溫飯盒、門把手、紡織加工機器。
309、310不鏽鋼的鎳、鉻含量都比較高，為的是提高鋼在高溫下的抗氧化性能和蠕變強度。而30S5和310S乃是309和310不鏽鋼的變種，所不同者隻是碳含量較低，為的是使焊縫附近所析出的碳化物減至*少。多用於耐熱槽鋼、耐熱管件。
316和316L型不鏽鋼含鎳量高，因而在海洋和化學(xué)工業(yè)環(huán)境中的抗點腐蝕能力大大地優(yōu)於304不鏽鋼。其中，316型不鏽鋼由變種包括低碳不鏽鋼316L、含氮的高強度不鏽鋼316N以及合硫量較高的易切削不鏽鋼316F。應(yīng)用在海水裡用設(shè)備、化學(xué)、染料、造紙、草酸、肥料等生產(chǎn)設(shè)備；照像、食品工業(yè)、沿海地區(qū)設(shè)施。
321是以鈦穩(wěn)定化的不鏽鋼，在304鋼中添加Ti元素來防止晶界腐蝕；適宜作高溫下使用的焊接構(gòu)件。適合於在430℃-900℃高溫度下使用。多應(yīng)用於航空器、排氣管、鍋爐汽包。
409L 是因添加了Ti元素，故其高溫耐蝕性及高溫強度較好。適用於汽車排氣管、熱交換機、集裝箱等 在焊接後不熱處理的產(chǎn)品。
420J1是在淬火後硬度高，耐蝕性好且有磁性。在餐具（刀）、渦輪機葉片中常使用。
430則作為鐵素體鋼的代表鋼種，熱膨脹率抵，成 形性及耐氧化性優(yōu)。多用於耐熱器具、燃燒器、家電產(chǎn)品、2類餐具、廚房洗滌槽、外部裝飾材料、螺栓、螺母、CD桿、篩網(wǎng)。
